Demos by PIRA
4A Thermal Properties Of Matter
4A10 Thermometry
4A10.10Measurement of temperature: Various types of thermometers.
4A10.50Liquid Crystals: sheet changes colors with body temperature.
4A20 Liquid Expansion
4A30 Solid Expansion
4A30.10Bimetallic strip: Brass/invar strip curves when heated.
4A30.11Bimetallic switch: Change in temperature lights cold/hot lamps.
4A30.21Ring and ball: Ball fits through ring only after ring is heated.
4A30.30Heated steel rod expands, raises pointer,breaks pin on cooling.
4A30.60Heated horizontal nichrome wire stretches, weight sags.
4A30.61Heated iron wire stretches, rotates pointer.
4A40 Properties of Materials at Low Temperature
4A40.90Molecular models, ball and stick.
4A50 Liquid Helium
4B Heat And The First Law
4B10 Heat Capacity and Specific Heat
4B10.10Computer demo: Nesting can calorimeter, runs 3 min.
4B10.70Ruchardt's tube: Ball oscillates in a vertical glass tube on jug.
4B20 Convection
4B20.10Heat water in "O" shaped tube adding a dye.
4B20.25Cardboard strip drawn from glass tube extinguishes candle.
4B30 Conduction
4B30.20Set of metal rods: Heat-sensitive paint changes color.
4B30.40Copper/wood cylinder wrapped with paper over bunsen burner.
4B40 Radiation
4B40.10Light the Match.
4B40.11Concave mirrors and horn thermopile senses candle across room.
4B40.11Concave mirrors focus candle flame on thermopile across bench.
4B40.14Archimedes' principle: Aluminum and brass cylinders.
4B40.40Computer demo: Kirchhoff's radiation law, runs 15 min.
4B50 Heat Transfer Applications
4B50.20Boiling water in paper cup; cup does not burn.
4B50.70Copper gauze over flame; gas burns only above gauze.
4B60 Mechanical Equivalent of Heat
4B60.70Steam gun: Friction heated water in tube shoots a cork.
4B70 Adiabatic Processes
4B70.10Fire syringe: paper is ignited in a cylinder with a piston.
4B70.20Cooling by expansion: Jar with water compressed with air.
4B70.31Piston and cylinder compress/expand air measuring temp. and pressure.
4C Change Of State
4C10 PVT Surfaces
4C10.10P.V.T. surface model for water.
4C10.10P.V.T. surface model for carbon dioxide.
4C10.30Wall chart of isothermals.
4C20 Phase Changes: Liquid-Solid
4C20.20Ice bomb: Iron sphere ruptured by freezing water.
4C20.40Freezing liquid Nitrogen.
4C20.45CO2 fire extinguisher: Expanding gas freezes into snow.
4C20.53Computer demo: Heat of fusion of tin.
4C30 Phase Changes: Liquid-Gas
4C30.15Triple Point demo: Water boils under vacuum making ice.
4C30.25Hot water geyser, runs 5-10 min.
4C31 Cooling by Evaporation
4C31.40Dippy bird: Large glass bird containing ether oscillates.
4C32 Dew Point and Humidity
4C32.11Humidity: Hygrometers to show.
4C33 Vapor Pressure
4C40 Sublimation
4C33.50Franklin's pulse glass: Two glass bulbs and tube containing ether.
4C45 Phase Changes: Solid Solid
4C50 Critical Point
4C50.40Triple Point: Cooled water in sealed cell exhibits all three phases.
4D Kinetic Theory
4D10 Brownian Motion
4D10.10Brownian motion: Smoke particles viewed using TV camera.
4D10.20Brownian motion: Like C+55+0, with an aluminum disk added.
4D20 Mean Free Path
4D20.10Crooke's radiometer with flashlight or IR source.
4D20.10Crooke's radiometer with flashlight, arc lamp or IR source.
4D20.10Crooke's radiometer with flashlight, arc lamp or IR source.
4D30 Kinetic Motion
4D30.10Mechanical model of a gas: Vibrating balls strike piston on OHP.
4D30.10Mechanical model of a gas: Vibrating balls strike piston on OHP.
4D30.20Mechanical model of a gas: Vibrating balls on OHP.
4D30.20Mechanical model of a gas: Vibrating balls strike piston on OHP.
4D30.40Stoekle's apparatus: Heated tube with mercury and glass bits.
4D40 Molecular Dimensions
4D50 Diffusion & Osmosis
4D50.20Osmosis of helium through semi-porous cup.
4E Gas Law
4E10 Constant Pressure
4E10.11Galileo's air thermometer forces liquid down when heated.
4E10.11Galileo's air thermometer forces liquid down when heated.
4E20 Constant Temperature
4E20.10Boyle's Law: At constant T, Pressure times Volume is a constant.
4E30 Constant Volume
4E30.10Gay-Lussac's Law: At constant V, Pressure is proportional to Temperature.
4F Entropy And The Second Law
4F10 Entropy
4F10.20Ball race: Five different balls heated and placed on paraffin sheet.
4F10.20Black balls and white balls in a box are shaken.
4F10.30A vortex tube seperates compressed air into jets of hot and cold air.
4F30 Heat Cycles
4F30.10Operating Sterling cycle engine, gas powered.
4F30.10Operating Sterling cycle engine, hot water powered.
4F30.50Engine models: Steam, 4-cycle Otto.
4F30.95Carnot cycle models: Piston/cylinder, PVT surface.